{"id":1427,"date":"2024-09-16T08:42:08","date_gmt":"2024-09-16T08:42:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/natharatmouchrika.net\/home\/?p=1427"},"modified":"2024-09-17T16:28:49","modified_gmt":"2024-09-17T16:28:49","slug":"milton-viorst-storm-from-the-east","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/natharatmouchrika.net\/home\/?p=1427","title":{"rendered":"Milton Viorst : Storm from The East"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Extract from the book &#8220;Storm from the East&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Chapter II<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Revolt<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>1901-1918<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Sharif<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>Hussein opened the correspondence with the questionable claim that he spoke in the name of &#8220;the Arab nation.\u201d He demanded that Britain agree to the establishment of an Arab state roughly within the boundaries of the Arabic-speaking world and to\u201dthe proclamation of an Arab caliphate for Islam.\u201d To satisfy British colonial interests, he offered to concede Britain\u2019s preeminence among foreign powers within the anticipated Arab state.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>McMahon, whose instructions were to maintain Britain\u2019s freedom of action, was so evasive in his reply that Hussein chided him for his \u201dlukewarmth and hesitancy.\u201d No Arab revolt is possible without a clear accord on territory, he declared. While assuring McMahon he had no ambition beyond the lands populated by Arabs, Hussein stated that Arab frontiers are \u201cthe very substance and essence of our existence, be it from the material, the spiritual or the moral point of view.\u201d McMahon, after consulting with London, seemed to change his tune, answering with apparent concessions to Hussein\u2019s concerns.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>George Antonius, an Arab scholar who produced the seminal study on the rise of Arabs nationalism during World War I, described McMahon\u2019s second note as a breakthrough,\u201dthe most important international document in the history of the Arab national movement.\u201dMcMahon wrote that the letter \u201cwill convince you, beyond all doubt, of Great Britain\u2019s sympathy with the aspirations of her friends, the Arabs.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Antonius interpreted the letter to mean that Britain recognized the independence of the Arabs within the frontier envisaged by Sharif Hussein.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>But<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>whatever Britain gave in principle-if anything-it took back in McMahon\u2019s list of exceptions to the territorial concessions. One exception was the area \u201dwest of the districts of Damascus, Homs, Hama and Aleppo (which) cannot be said to be purely Arab.\u201d A second was the region in which Britain had treaty relations with \u201dcertain Arab chiefs.\u201d A third consisted of areas in which Britain was not \u201dfree to act without detriment to the interest of her ally France.\u201d Still another was the Mesopotamian provinces of Baghdad and Basra, where Britain had already \u201destablished position and interests.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Whatever Britain\u2019s intention, it is in retrospect clear that the first reservation opened the door to the Jewish mandate in Palestine, the second to the support of Hussein\u2019s rivals the Saud in Arabia, the third to the satisfaction of French ambitions in Syria and Lebanon, and the fourth to the installation of a British colonial regime in Irak.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>The<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>exceptions left the Arabs with only a swath of the Syrian desert, and though this region later became Transjordan, is was a mockery of the grand state to which Sharif Hussein aspired.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Storm from The East<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>The struggle between the Arab World and The Christian \u00a0West<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>Author: Milton Viorst<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>A Modern Library Chronicles Book<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>The Modern Libray, New York<\/strong>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Extract from the book &#8220;Storm from the East&#8221; Chapter II Revolt 1901-1918 Sharif\u00a0Hussein opened the correspondence with the questionable claim that he spoke in the name of &#8220;the Arab nation.\u201d He demanded that Britain agree to the establishment of an Arab state roughly within the boundaries of the Arabic-speaking world and to\u201dthe proclamation of an &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1428,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1427","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-texts"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.5 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - 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