Majorities of Americans say the federal government, businesses and other actors are doing too little to reduce the effects of climate change and express support for a variety of policy approaches aimed at addressing the issue. At the same time, the public has limited appetite for some of the more dramatic proposed changes to energy consumption, such as phasing out the use of fossil fuels entirely or ending the production of gasoline-powered vehicles by 2035, according to a new Pew Research Center survey. The survey, conducted April 20-29 among 13,749 U.S. adults, includes a sample of more than 900 Gen Z…

Professor Francis Fukuyama, currently Bernard L Schwartz Professor of International Political Economy at Johns Hopkins University, was born in Chicago in 1952, and has a BA from Cornell and a doctorate in political science from Harvard. He has worked with the RAND Corporation, the Department of State specialising on the Middle East, and continues to serve on several significant boards such as the President’s Council on Bioethics and the National Endowment for Democracy. Something of the range of his interests can be gauged from the fact that he has written monographs on Russia and the Third World, the consequences of…

Indeed, we think that not only should the investigation of public attitudes not be abandoned but that efforts in this direction should be increased; for not only are they crucial to an understanding of the substance and significance of political corruption as we have argued so far, but, in the form of concerns about the standards of conduct of public office holders, they present three very concrete challenges for European democracies. First, and most obviously, public confidence that standards are being maintained may be assumed to be intimately bound up with the strength of political institutions and therefore with democratic…

ABSTRACT Public perceptions and attitudes are central to an understanding of the significance of corruption in Europe and in democracies generally – this for a number of reasons including the meaning of the term ‘corruption’ itself. But the investigation of perceptions and attitudes is fraught with difficulties, philosophical as well as practical. If these difficulties appear to invite the conclusion that investigation in this area is a forlorn enterprise, three challenges make it worth while to persist: The significance for democratic stability of public appraisals of official conduct deemed illegitimate; growing concerns about this conduct; and a relative lack of information in the area. Each based…

The Arabic language has got great importance in Arab culture, heritage and literature, aa it considered a part of the Arab civilization. The following points summarize the importance of the Arabic language: Arabic is one of the Semitic human languages, which has been preserving its linguistic and grammatical history since ancient times. Arabic is the language of many peoples and tribes, such as Thamud, Aad, and others, and this has contributed to its spread in Arabia and the Levant. The Arabic language contributes to the rising of many civilizations, especially Europeans, which encouraged the Europeans to learn and understand it’s…