"To equate Islam and Islamic fundamentalism uncritically with extremism is to judge Islam only by those who wreak havoc--a standard not applied to Judaism and Christianity... There are lessons to be learned from a past in which fear of a monolithic Soviet threat often blinded the United States to the Soviet bloc's diversity, led to uncritical support for [anti-Communist] dictator-ships, and enabled the "free world" to tolerate the suppression of legitimate dissent and massive human rights violations by governments that labeled the opposition 'Communist' or 'socialist.' '' It is the mightiest power in the Levant and North Africa. Governments tremble…

Early ‘ulama’ obviously could not undertake the task of addressing the question of women’s being. As men, they could hardly do more than determine women’s functions. As actors in a given culture, they could not transcend that culture. In addition to being subject to their gender, they were necessarily also products of their culture. Yet, in the light of the higher objectives of Islam, of the individual’s dignity, integrity, autonomy, development, education, intelligence, welfare, health and inner balance (to mention only the most essential we can draw from the six higher objectives, Al Maqasid Ad-daruria), one can realise that a…

   My fellow Americans: Three days from now, after half a century in the service of our country, I shall lay down the responsibilities of office as, in traditional and solemn ceremony, the authority of the Presidency is vested in my successor. This evening I come to you with a message of leave-taking and farewell, and to share a few final thoughts with you, my countrymen. Like every other citizen, I wish the new President, and all who will labor with him, Godspeed. I pray that the coming years will be blessed with peace and prosperity for all. Our people…

This is a condensation and arrangement of Huntington's argument, not a commentary upon it. 1. The sixties as a decade of “democratic renewal”: “The 1960s witnessed a drama renewal of the democratic spirit in America. The predominant trends of that decade involved the challenging of the authority of established political, social, and economic institutions, increased popular participation in and control over those institutions, a reaction against the concentration of power in the executive branch of the federal government and in favor of the reassertion of the power of Congress and of state and local government, renewed commitment to the idea of…

The word "philosophy" comes from the Greek root (philosophia),which literally means "love of wisdom". Philosophy means: the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. In the ancient terminology: philosophy was divided into two parts:1. "Theoretical Philosophy" which includes physics, metaphysics, andmathematics,…2. "Practical Philosophy" which contains: moral, politics… But the current terminology of philosophy is in opposition of science in its new definition, philosophy by this meaning is specialized in non experimental issues such as metaphysics, Theology, or what was called: the ‘’absolute science’’. Science?Henri Poincaré introduces science that is: "a…